Lock and key



'NITED STATES PATENT FFICE.

WM. WILSON, OF NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

LOCK AND KEY.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 2,931, dated January 27, 1843.

To all whom t may concern Be it known that I, WILLIAM ViLsoN, ofNorthampton, in the county of Hampshire and Commonwealth ofMassachusetts, whitesmith, have invented a new and Improved Lock and Keyfor the Fastening of Doors, Trunks, Chests, and All other Purposes forlVhich a Lock is Used as a Fastener; and I do hereby declare that thefollowing is a full and exact description of the same and of itsoperation, reference being had to the annexed dra-wings, making a partof this my specification,T in which- Figure I, is an interior orvertical section of the lock showing the internal machinery thereof.Fig. II, is an interior or front section of the lock. Fig. III, is aposterior view ofthe lock. Fig. IV, is a superior or horizontal sectionof the lock. Fig. V, is a view of the key. Fig. VI, is a view of asection of the key representing the eX- tension bit. Fig. VII, is a viewof a springcatch and follower which are concealed in the body of thekey. Fig. VIII, is a section representing a bolt with a tumbler andforward and hold back levers. Fig. IX, represents another form oftumbler and the operation of the key upon the tumbler levers and bolt inthe act of unlocking or withdrawing the bolt. Fig. X, represents theposition of the tumbler levers and bolt when it is locked or out. Fig.XI, is a view of one modification of the tumbler, which said drawingswith the letters, references and eX- planations thereon are by me hereby.eX- pressly made a part of this my specication.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my said invention Iwill proceed to describe its construction and operation.

First s the key- This is composed of metal and in its exterior formresembles the common door key now in use without any mortises forlguards in the center of the bit. The stem h is perforated like a trunkkey at n. The bit is divided into three nearly equal portions at a rightangle with the stem of the key, the center portion z' turning on a pivotor hinge at its outer eX- tremity, while the other end is formed into abeveled head and hook which when shut drops into a socket in the stem ofthe key where it is held fast by a catch Vlo slipping into a groove o inthe hooked end of the eX- tension bit z'. The cylindrical aperture n inthe stem of the key is large enough to admit a spiral spring Z at itsbottom, above which is a follower or slide fu held in its place by a pint through the stem on the slide 'v is a catch 7c which slips into agroove U in the head of the extension bit z' when shut upon the steinand holds it fast. 'Ihe bit 7l is released from the catch 7c by the stem0 in the lock pressing upon the outerend of the follower or slide o whenthe key is introduced into the lock.

Second s the Zoch-The bolt b is a solid body of metal resting onstandards s, s, or on friction rollers. On its upper surface and aboutthe length of the bit of the key (eX- clusive of the extension bitforward of the key hole m is an inclined planewhich extends on the boltupward and forward to nearly a level with the vcylindrical stem of thekey hole p and forward to very nearly the full length or reach of thekey and eX- tension bit z' when extended and when so extended the hookon the end of the bit z' drops into a socket or notch in the bolt fittedt-o the hook or the hook seizes a stem or upright on the bolt at thatpoint as the case may be and the bolt is drawn back, or where a tumblerw, Fig. VIII, is used the hook or the end of the extension bit z' dropsinto a socket or stimp on the tumbler and by which the key draws backthe bolt, or where a tumbler fw, Fig. IX, is used the bit when extendingpasses under the pin A on the tumbler and raises it by which the pin Bis raised out of its bed P or the bolt when the hook of the bit z'seizes the pin B and the bolt is drawn back by the key.

The bolt may be a spring lock bolt as represented in Z), Figs. I and IVor in the common form as represented Z), Figs. VIII,

IX, X. lVhere a spring bolt is used the spiral spring g and they lever fwill always keep the bolt b o-ut or bolted and where the common bolt isused the lowered lever c and the holdback lever y will hold the bolt Z)alternately locked or unlocked at pleasure. rllhe lever c is afixed tothe side of the bolt and has a movable axis or fulcrum M which passeshorizontally through Vthe bolt Z) and through the backside of the lock,ter1ninating in a button or handle at r. This lever 'i has a hook ornotch on its under side at H which `when the bolt is out or locked dropsand catches upon the forward standard 8 and holds the bolt out. Anotherlever y on the side of the rear end of the bolt b hooks upon the rearstandard s at N, where the lock is unlocked and holds it fast.,

the notch or socket T on the bolt Z.

I/Vhere a tumbler lw is used upon the bolt Fig. VIII, the head and hookof the bit i is fitted to a matrix in the tumbler which moves on itsaxis m and t-he tumbler acts upon the lever c and that upon lever yraising the hooks H and N each above the standards s, s, while the boltb is moving backward or forward where a single lever c is, and as inFig. I the rear end is depressed by the end of the bit to raise it olfthe standard s in order to draw back the bolt. The but-ton or handle 1f,Fig. III, moves in a groove on the backside of the lock and by it thebolt may be moved backward or forward from the inside withoutintroducing the key. In Fig. IX the levers c and y are operated by ahook on the tumbler as represented D, L, K, G.

Method of locking cmcZ uitbating-In the spring bolt lock, Fig. II, witha single lever c nothing more is needed to lock it than to shut thedoor, chest, or trunk on which it is used. To unlock it introduce thekey then turn it backward from the bolt at an angle of twenty or thirtydegrees from the line of the key hole m. Then press gently against thekey until it strikes the back side of the lock when the stem 0, Fig. IV,introduced into the cavity of the key at n and bearing against thefollower or slide v will liberate the extension bit z' which will thendrop down on the bolt Z. Then turn the key toward the bolt until the bitstrikes the under side of the guide e, Fig. II, when the extension bitz' will have passed up the inclined plane on the bolt and a littlebeyond Then draw the key toward you until the bit strikes the frontsides of the lock when the hook 0n the end of the extension bit willdrop into the notch or socket T on the bolt Z, Fig. I, and by turningthe key backward the bolt will be unlocked. Then turn the key a littleforward to release the hook z' from the notch or socket T and press thekey back against the back side of the lock and turn it around until thebit strikes the upper side of the guide e. Then press against the keyand the bit z' will fall into its socket on the stem of the key and maybe taken out of the lock.

In the modifications of the machinery with a holdback lever y andtumbler w as are represented in Figs. VIII, IX, X, in locking nothingmore is required than to introduce the key and turn it as in a commonlock without liberating the extension bit z' when the bit striking theupright stem F on the lever g/ raises it above the standard s and theforce of the spring g throws out the bolt. In locks of this kind the keyhole mis inverted. To unlock the same introduce the key. Then turn itbackward from the bolt Z) nearly half a circle, then press against thekey as before described, liberate the bit z' from the stem of the keyand pass it u the inclined plane in the bolt as before unti it strikesthe under side of the guide e, Fig. VIII, or until it strikes againstthe stem E in the balt Z9, Fig. IX. Then draw the key toward you untilthe bitrstrikes the front side of the lock when the head and hook on theend of the extension bit twill ,be drawn into the stirrup of the tumblerfw and the bolt is withdrawn as before mentioned. Or in case themodification as represented in Figs. IX, X, XI, is used introduce thekey and pass it up the inclined plane as before mentioned when thebeveled head of the extension bit z' will pass between the pin A andcatch B on the tumbler and pressing against A raises up the tumbler onits axis and lifting the catch B out of its bed P. Then draw the key tothe front side of the lock as before when the hook on the bit z' seizesthe catch B and by it the bolt is withdrawn. Then push back the key toliberate the hook z' from the catch B and turn the key around about ahalf circle until it strikes the guide e on the upper side, press uponit and drop the bit z' into its socket in the stem of the key as beforewhen it can be taken out of thelock.

The several portions of the lock and key being in all cases marked with.the same letter in each section or figure wherein the same arerepresented the references herein are made by letter only without in allcases naming the figures or sections where the same may be found in thedrawings annexed.

IVhat I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patentisl. In the key the employment of an extension bit z' to the ordinarybit of the key and in combination therewith the manner of conning thesame in the stem of the key hereinbefore described.

2. And in the lock the machinery and method herein specified anddescribed forV guarding against pick locks by the arrangement of thelevers c and y in combination with the removal of the notch or socket atT, Fig. I, on the bolt or of the tumbler, Figs. VIII, IX, X, so far fromthe key hole m as to be acted upon by the extension bit z' on the key asherein specified and described.

INM. WILSON. In presence of- L. D. SMITH, T. G. DEXTER.

